The anthropology program at JMU is designed to introduce students to the breadth of the discipline illustrating the topics and issues of the modern world that are addressed by its four sub-fields: cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archeology and linguistics. Building from a general program, students can choose to concentrate in the theory and practice of any of the subfields except linguistics.

The program is strongly practice-oriented and encourages students to participate in internships, field schools, independent studies, and special topics that allow them to broaden their anthropological awareness. All of the faculty are actively involved in significant research within their chosen areas of study. This scholarship is not only reflected in courses that are current and informed by practical experience, but also in a wide range of opportunities for students to be mentored by faculty in collaborative research projects.

As part of the nationally recognized JMU College of Business, the economics major fosters an understanding and appreciation of economic forms of explanation and their relationships to other social sciences. The major will provide students with an intellectual foundation for the appreciation and understanding of economic theory and policy that stresses the importance of imaginative thinking, free inquiry and the pursuit of life-long learning. In this way, the program prepares students with the economic literacy necessary to cope with the challenges inherent in a world of accelerating change.

Economics majors are generally educated students, who go on to develop their analytical, investigative and research skills. With this major, students will use their understanding of economics relationships and markets to work for manufacturing firms, financial services firms, consulting firms, the health care industries, government agencies and nonprofit organizations. Economists with strong statistical backgrounds conduct research, analyze data and develop forecasts. Students with a good background in this field are competitive in the job market.

The Geography program empowers, inspires and motivates students to become competent critical thinkers prepared for life-long learning. Students will be able to respond to intellectual challenges with interest, excitement and competence and see themselves as global citizen actively involved in the world around them.

By graduating with a degree in geography students will be confident in their abilities as a geographer, prepared for a lifetime of learning in geography and have the skills to make a professional contribution to the field. Students will be able to compete successfully in the job market, pursue a graduate degree and be highly qualified for a career in research and development—equipped for long term success as a professional in the field of geography.

The History program blends core requirements with great choice permitting students to pursue particular interests while developing a broad understanding of the historic past. Students will have the opportunity to design, in consultation with faculty advisers, approximately two-thirds of their program to suit their needs and interests. The major offers students an opportunity for independent research and to present their findings at regional or national conferences. History prepares students for a broad range of challenging careers.

History courses introduce students to the nature of history and survey the globe in a historical context. The 100- and 200-level courses are world or regional surveys, covering extensive periods of time, while the 300- and 400-level courses are focused on one theme, time period or geography. The upper-level courses require extensive analysis of sources and texts, and they include a research assignment that showcases the students' ability to develop and present their own historical interpretations.

The major requires three core courses: HIST 101, HIST 102 and HIST 395. Majors must take eight additional courses: Two on the 200 level and six on the 300 and 400 levels—with at least three of the upper division courses taken at the 400 level. In addition, majors must take one upper division course in each of the following fields: U.S., Europe and World history. For students writing a senior honors thesis, only three hours of HIST 499. Honors may be counted among the three 400-level courses required for the major.

The Intelligence Analysis (IA) major prepares students to become analysts in either the public or private sectors, with a specialization in intelligence analysis.

The IA program provides students with a multidisciplinary educational foundation and an overlay of skills development particularly in the areas of technology and analytic production.

Students learn innovative ways to structure their thinking, assess complex real-world problems and communicate those assessments to decision makers.

International Affairs is an interdisciplinary program for students interested in varied aspects of the global community. The major requires classes in political science, economics, history, language, and culture. All students take a capstone course that enables them to apply knowledge and skills gained through previous coursework to a major research project in an area of interest. Students may choose to specialize in international relations or in a particular geographic area. Area specializations in the comparative study concentration include Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.

The departmental faculty includes specialists in international security, human rights, international law, comparative public policy, international political economy and specific geographic areas. The major also draws on faculty from the departments of economics, foreign languages and literature, geography, history, justice studies, religion, sociology and anthropology. Graduates pursue careers in government and politics, intelligence, international business, international non-profit organizations, law, research and analysis, and other fields.

Management skills are broadly applicable and our graduates go on to a wide range of professions in both the public and private sector. The major is also designed to help those thinking of starting their own business or aiding a family business. Finally, many students find the broad business training of the management major a helpful foundation for future graduate study.

The Political Science program offers a strong liberal arts major for students interested in all aspects of politics and public policy. Students are required to complete a core set of courses introducing them to political theory, the global community, American politics and research methods. All students complete a writing intensive capstone course that requires them to apply knowledge and skills from previous coursework to a major research project in a chosen area of interest. The Washington Semester Program allows students to spend a semester living and working in Washington, D.C. while earning credit towards their degree. The Political Science department also hosts a non-partisan club for students interested in public affairs.

The department takes pride in preparing them to think critically and analytically and to communicate their ideas well. Graduates go on to careers in law, government, non-profit organizations, campaigns, policy analysis and with private firms affected by government policy. A dedicated faculty includes specialists in elections, media and politics, public policy, international security, international law, peace studies, political philosophy, U.S. governmental institutions, and major geographic regions (Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East).

Psychology is the major to consider if studying the area of science that explores how people and animals think, feel and act is of interest. Psychology majors complete course work that explores behavior, emotions, cognitive processes and the factors that influence them from a variety of perspectives. Psychologists study behavior at both a cellular (e.g. examining the role of the brain and the nervous system) and at a more global level (e.g. examining the influences of culture). As general psychology majors students will enhance their problem-solving, critical thinking, writing and oral expression skills as they learn to use the tools available to behavioral scientists.

Students choose to major in general psychology for many reasons. Psychology can be students' primary area of interest within a liberal arts education that will lead to many professional opportunities that require a bachelor's degree, or it can be a pre-professional program leading to advanced study in graduate school. Popular types of graduate programs pursued by graduates of our program have been counseling, school psychology, education, clinical psychology, psychological science, social work, forensic psychology/criminal justice, industrial/organizational psychology, behavior analysis, law school and college administration.

Each year hundreds of psychology students participate in research and service learning projects. Each year approximately 40 complete field placements and five complete honors thesis projects. Many of our students take their scholarship to a high level, participating as co-authors with faculty on professional conference presentations. See http://psyc.jmu.edu/ug/studentachievements.html for examples of student accomplishments

The major in public administration provides students with a general foundation in the nature of public policy, the public workplace and its political, legal and managerial environments. This major prepares students for professional employment and leadership in government and nonprofit organizations. The program consists of a core of courses offering general knowledge essential for understanding and working in the public arena. This core provides students with an appreciation of the political culture and economic environment of public work, measurement techniques and a basic understanding of the policy process.

Students are offered a choice between two concentration options: public policy or public management.

In the public policy concentration students acquire knowledge of the nature, dynamics, implementation and substance of public policy and its analysis. Courses address:

• Policy processes.
• Techniques for analyzing policy options.
• The dynamics and substance of particular policy issues.

The public management concentration emphasizes management and management-related skills. Courses address:

• The legal environment of public work.
• Organization theories.
• Management theories and applications.
• Management best practices.

In addition, courses in both concentrations heighten students' critical, analytical and communication skills through case studies, exercises and the intensive writing requirement. The public policy concentration requires a senior seminar experience that seeks to bring policy theory and analytical skills to bear on a practical issue of public policy. Public management students must complete the dual capstone requirements of a public management seminar and an internship, requiring an integration of knowledge from both general studies and major studies by focusing students on specific cases and workplace applications.

Because the public administration major develops techniques and skills applicable to varied career paths in public service, students are encouraged to choose a complementary minor with a narrower, substantive focus. The minors recommended for students' consideration include criminal justice, environmental information systems, environmental management, environmental studies, family studies, gerontology, health information systems, nonprofit studies, political communication, substance abuse intervention, telecommunications, urban and regional studies, communication studies, conflict analysis and intervention, sociology, technical and scientific communication, economics, human resource development, computer science, public health and integrated science and technology.

Interested students may apply to participate in the Fifth Year Master of Public Administration degree program, which allows qualified students to earn an M.P.A. degree with one additional year of study. Students should apply for this program in their sophomore year. See the Graduate Catalog for more information.

The sociology program develops the student's ability to analyze the social world by using diverse sociological theories and research methods. It stresses the importance of social, cultural, and historical contexts for understanding relationships between and among individuals and the social structures that make up societies. Students will gain the ability to think broadly and critically about the diversity of social organization and practice locally and globally. Students will also develop the ability to take a disciplined and scholarly approach to understanding the world in which we live.

The major in sociology strongly develops skills in critical thinking, research, analysis, writing and communication. Sociology students frequently go on to post-graduate education and/or careers in both public and private employment sectors.

The anthropology program at JMU is designed to introduce students to the breadth of the discipline illustrating the topics and issues of the modern world that are addressed by its four sub-fields: cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archeology and linguistics. Building from a general program, students can choose to concentrate in the theory and practice of any of the subfields except linguistics.

The program is strongly practice-oriented and encourages students to participate in internships, field schools, independent studies, and special topics that allow them to broaden their anthropological awareness. All of the faculty are actively involved in significant research within their chosen areas of study. This scholarship is not only reflected in courses that are current and informed by practical experience, but also in a wide range of opportunities for students to be mentored by faculty in collaborative research projects.

As part of the nationally recognized JMU College of Business, the economics major fosters an understanding and appreciation of economic forms of explanation and their relationships to other social sciences. The major will provide students with an intellectual foundation for the appreciation and understanding of economic theory and policy that stresses the importance of imaginative thinking, free inquiry and the pursuit of life-long learning. In this way, the program prepares students with the economic literacy necessary to cope with the challenges inherent in a world of accelerating change.

Economics majors are generally educated students, who go on to develop their analytical, investigative and research skills. With this major, students will use their understanding of economics relationships and markets to work for manufacturing firms, financial services firms, consulting firms, the health care industries, government agencies and nonprofit organizations. Economists with strong statistical backgrounds conduct research, analyze data and develop forecasts. Students with a good background in this field are competitive in the job market.

The Geography program empowers, inspires and motivates students to become competent critical thinkers prepared for life-long learning. Students will be able to respond to intellectual challenges with interest, excitement and competence and see themselves as global citizen actively involved in the world around them.

By graduating with a degree in geography students will be confident in their abilities as a geographer, prepared for a lifetime of learning in geography and have the skills to make a professional contribution to the field. Students will be able to compete successfully in the job market, pursue a graduate degree and be highly qualified for a career in research and development—equipped for long term success as a professional in the field of geography.

General psychology is the major to consider if studying the area of science that explores how people and animals think, feel and act is of interest. General psychology majors complete course work that explores behavior, emotions, cognitive processes and the factors that influence them from a variety of perspectives. Psychologists study behavior at both a cellular (e.g. examining the role of the brain and the nervous system) and at a more global level (e.g. examining the influences of culture). As general psychology majors students will enhance their problem-solving, critical thinking, writing and oral expression skills as they learn to use the tools available to behavioral scientists.

Students choose to major in general psychology for many reasons. Psychology can be students' primary area of interest within a liberal arts education that will lead to many professional opportunities that require a bachelor's degree, or it can be a pre-professional program leading to advanced study in graduate school. Popular types of graduate programs pursued by graduates of our program have been counseling, school psychology, education, clinical psychology, psychological science, social work, forensic psychology/criminal justice, industrial/organizational psychology, behavior analysis, law school and college administration.

Each year hundreds of psychology students participate in research and service learning projects. Each year approximately 40 complete field placements and five complete honors thesis projects. Many of our students take their scholarship to a high level, participating as co-authors with faculty on professional conference presentations. See http://psyc.jmu.edu/ug/studentachievements.html for examples of student accomplishments

The sociology program develops the student's ability to analyze the social world by using diverse sociological theories and research methods. It stresses the importance of social, cultural, and historical contexts for understanding relationships between and among individuals and the social structures that make up societies. Students will gain the ability to think broadly and critically about the diversity of social organization and practice locally and globally. Students will also develop the ability to take a disciplined and scholarly approach to understanding the world in which we live.

The major in sociology strongly develops skills in critical thinking, research, analysis, writing and communication. Sociology students frequently go on to post-graduate education and/or careers in both public and private employment sectors.

The curriculum is designed for persons who seek employment in the accounting field or for those presently in accounting who wish to increase their knowledge and update their skills. Job opportunities include accounting trainee, accounting technician, junior accountant, and accountant.

This degree is excellent for those interested in the organization and reporting of financial data. Upon completion of the program, students can take an additional three courses for the Accounting Career Studies Certificate, and then are eligible to proceed to the CPA exam, if other education requirements are satisfied. Contact the Virginia Board of Accountancy for all education requirements.

This curriculum is designed for individuals who plan to transfer to a four-year college or university to complete a baccalaureate degree program in business administration with a major in accounting, business management, decision science and management, information systems, finance, marketing, etc.

The curriculum is designed for individuals who seek employment in business management or for those presently in management who are seeking promotion. Job opportunities include administrative assistant, management trainee, department head, branch manager, office manager, manager of small business, and supervisor.

This program is designed to prepare students to start and grow a successful small business by providing instruction in entrepreneurial culture, strategy, operations, financial management, marketing, and leadership.

This curriculum is designed for individuals who plan to seek employment in contract management positions and for those presently in contract management positions who seek career advancement. The program is designed to create opportunities for positions in contract management for both government agencies and private industry. Instruction includes both the theoretical concepts and the practical applications needed for future success in the contract management field. This will provide a greater understanding of acquisition, life cycle management, and contracting processes. Job opportunities include project manager, procurement analyst, contract administrator, contract specialist, contract negotiator, contract price analyst, and contract termination specialist.

The curriculum is designed to provide a broad foundation that will prepare students to enter any of the varied fields in criminal justice or to prepare for professional advancement. Job opportunities for students include local, state, and federal enforcement officers, police officers, private or government investigators, adult/juvenile correction officers, probation/parole officers and counselors, security directors (managers), loss prevention directors, classification managers, and personnel clearance administrators. Most of the ADJ courses in this curriculum are 'core courses' that provide a basic entry-level foundation in both criminal justice and security administration. These courses must be taken by ALL STUDENTS in this program. At several points in the curriculum, 'course options' are provided for selection by the students.

Special Curriculum Admission Requirements: Students are advised that many criminal justice and private/government security agencies require excellent moral character and a written record of conduct prior to consideration for employment.

This curriculum is designed for those students who wish to take only those courses that relate directly to the law enforcement field. The occupational objectives are to provide a basic foundation for individuals entering some particular area of the criminal justice field that does not require an A.A.S. or higher degree in criminal justice, or for persons already in the criminal justice field who wish to extend their knowledge/skill, or for those exploring the criminal justice field as a career alternative. Courses taken in the certificate program can be applied to the A.A.S. degree.

Special Curriculum Admission Requirements: Students are advised that many criminal justice and private/government security agencies require excellent moral character and a written record of conduct prior to consideration for employment.

This program prepares students for entry-level opportunities as a local, state, or federal law enforcement officer; commercial and industrial security officer; police officer; or private or government investigator, particularly in the areas of homeland security.

This program is designed to prepare students to transfer to a four-year college or university to complete a baccalaureate degree program in criminal justice, criminology, or related fields.

Purpose This curriculum prepares students to transfer to any four-year college or university teacher preparation program. Courses in this degree are designed to satisfy some of the endorsement and professional course requirements of a Virginia teaching license. In EDU 200, students will identify the endorsement (content) courses they need to earn a teaching license. Students should meet with a Teacher Education faculty member or Education Field Placement Coordinator and Advising Specialist to select the correct courses for their area of licensure. EDU 200 and EDU 204 both require 20-hour field placements in a K-12 public school. Students will be required to complete a background check before being placed in the schools. Students with criminal records should consult with the Teacher Education Field Placement Coordinator before enrolling in the courses. Students are strongly encouraged to take the VCLA after completing ENG 111, ENG 112, Eng-literature course, and CST 100 or 110.

This program is a flexible associate degree. For students who plan to transfer, the degree can parallel the first two years of a four-year bachelor of science program if they choose courses that match the transfer institution's requirements. For those students who do not plan to transfer, the degree allows them to structure a program to suit their needs using accumulated credits from a variety of formal and experiential sources.

This program is designed to help students develop both the theoretical knowledge and a practical facility with GIS. Students who already hold a baccalaureate or master's degree will acquire the requisite skills and knowledge to switch careers, or to apply spatial analysis in their present workplaces. Students will be positioned to pursue additional coursework toward an associate degree and/or transfer to a four-year institution for further study in the geospatial, environmental, or physical sciences; in civil engineering; in information technology; or in business/marketing at a four-year institution.

Preparation: Students are expected to understand fundamental computer applications and concepts before enrolling in GIS courses.

This program is designed for individuals who plan to transfer to a four-year institution to complete a bachelor of arts (B.A.).

This program is designed for students who plan to transfer to a college or university for a Bachelor of Arts in Art History.

This curriculum is designed for students who plan to transfer to a college or university for a BS or B.A. degree in psychology.

This program is designed for individuals who plan to transfer to a four-year college or university to complete a bachelor of science in one of the social sciences. It also prepares students for some teacher certification programs. Students from the A.S. program major in a wide variety of fields, including anthropology, economics, government/political science, history, mass communications, pre-law, psychology, public administration, social work, and sociology.

This program is designed for individuals who plan to transfer to a four-year college or university to complete a bachelor of science in a program that requires a background in American Sign Language and the Deaf community. Graduates may use their skills to work in human service fields such as daycare settings and as teacher assistants. Graduates from the program can also transfer to 4-year institutions and major in a wide variety of fields, including ASL instruction, Deaf education, linguistics, Deaf studies (e.g. history, literature, research, etc.), speech-language pathology and audiology, human services, communication sciences and disorders, and social work.

This program is designed to prepare students to transfer into baccalaureate programs in the geospatial or social sciences at a four-year institution. Students will learn theory about geospatial systems and how they are used.

This program is designed for individuals who plan to transfer to a four-year college or university to complete a baccalaureate degree. Graduates will have the knowledge, skills, and abilities equivalent to students entering the junior level at four-year colleges and universities.

This program aims to merge a knowledge and appreciation of the visual and performing arts with a foundation in the operating methods and business practices of the organizations and institutions which support and administer the arts. Students electing the arts management major should select an emphasis from among art, theatre, or music.

This program aims to merge a knowledge and appreciation of the visual and performing arts with a foundation in the operating methods and business practices of the organizations and institutions which support and administer the arts. Students electing the arts management major should select an emphasis from among art, theatre, or music.

A major in business offers students the opportunity to explore theories and concepts from accounting, business, and economics. Students study in an active learning environment and begin to understand and appreciate the complex nature of business organizations through applied economic theory. A major in business prepares students for a career in all business environments and provides an excellent foundation for graduate studies in such fields as business and law. The major in business requires a common core of courses plus one of three concentrations: Finance, Management, or Marketing. All courses in the core and in each concentration must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

A major in business offers students the opportunity to explore theories and concepts from accounting, business, and economics. Students study in an active learning environment and begin to understand and appreciate the complex nature of business organizations through applied economic theory. A major in business prepares students for a career in all business environments and provides an excellent foundation for graduate studies in such fields as business and law. The major in business requires a common core of courses plus one of three concentrations: Finance, Management, or Marketing. All courses in the core and in each concentration must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

This program aims to merge a knowledge and appreciation of the visual and performing arts with a foundation in the operating methods and business practices of the organizations and institutions which support and administer the arts. Students electing the arts management major should select an emphasis from among art, theatre, or music.

The study of accounting at Randolph-Macon College provides students with the opportunity to become fluent in the language of business within the unique setting of a liberal arts education. Students study accounting in an active learning environment incorporating theories and concepts from the fields of accounting, business, and economics. They learn to understand and appreciate the complex nature of business organizations. A major in accounting prepares students for a career in all business environments and provides an excellent foundation for graduate studies in such fields as accounting, business, taxation, and law. All courses in the major and minor must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

Criminology explores social structure and social processes in relation to crime, criminality, and punishment. The Criminology major provides students with an understanding of crime from both a structural and individual perspective. Students will develop skills to critically analyze both lived experiences and social factors associated with crime. Students will deconstruct their knowledge of crime from how we define crime to understanding the experiences of various groups within the criminal justice system. Students will study how human behavior is regulated and the societal responses to law violations with a particular eye to power relations. They will study criminological theories and the empirical evidence used to support and critique them.

Students will gain conceptual and research skills and be able to apply them to specific social institutions such as policing, courts, and corrections. The criminology curriculum prepares the student for both academic and applied fields. The major provides a liberal arts background for careers in law enforcement (local and federal), courts, corrections, victim advocacy, case management, juvenile correctional and diversion programs, data analysis, and graduate school.

The last four or five hundred years have marked the evolution of historical consciousness. In that time, history has not only become a form of thinking and knowing, it has become the essential condition of thought and knowledge. As the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga put it: "Historical thinking has entered our very blood." This means that today we describe and understand every human experience and endeavor not through their material, spiritual, or psychic characteristics but through their history.

In the midst of a society undergoing change, there is a need for responsible citizens to understand the process of change. In analyzing the transformations of societies of other times, history students acquire the analytical tools for better comprehending their own social environment. In addition, the study of history provides a vocabulary of examples of human activity, which brings greater awareness to the study of other intellectual disciplines. Shakespeare's plays, for example, take a deeper resonance when seen against a background of economic, political, and social change in the Tudor and Stuart dynasties.

The history major and minor aim at more than guiding students toward learning about the past. They also train students to think critically, research effectively, and write lucidly. Students learn, through classroom experience and examinations, as well as through individual research projects, how to analyze both the form and content of source material; how to discern historical trends and patterns; how to postulate theses and support them with evidence; and how to present conclusions in a compelling, well-organized fashion. Courses also train students to communicate effectively in a public setting. The history major can also include a study-abroad and/or an internship experience. The particular point of view of this department is that history can best be learned when there is close collaboration between teacher and student. To that end, classes are kept small, even at the introductory level, and thereby considerable personal attention can be given to a student's work by the professor.

HIST 300 Historical Methods; Historiography is a prerequisite for history internships and capstones and must be completed by majors prior to their senior year.

Sociology and anthropology involve the systematic study of social life and culture in order to understand the causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists and anthropologists study the structure and processes of nonindustrialized and industrialized societies in the United States and around the world. They examine how culture, social structures (groups, organizations, and communities) and social institutions (family, education, religion, etc.) affect human attitudes, actions, and life-chances. Sociology and anthropology combine scientific and humanistic perspectives.

Drawing upon various theoretical perspectives, sociologists and anthropologists study such areas as culture, socialization, crime, deviance, inequality, health and illness, family patterns, law, social change and race, and ethnic relations. Combining theoretical perspectives with empirical research allows students an opportunity to develop new insights into their own lives as well as the forces that shape everyday life in society.

The sociology/anthropology curriculum prepares the student for both academic and applied research careers. It offers an essential liberal arts background for many careers and professions, including public service and administration, communications and public relations, law, business, medicine, journalism, arts management, environmental science, and other professions. The department offers both a major and minor in sociology and anthropology. Our faculty are also centrally involved in the Colleges programs in Black Studies, Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies, Environmental Studies, and International Studies. Most courses count for one or more of the C21 requirements.

The theoretical and methodological courses in the curriculum provide intensive instruction in the application of sociological and anthropological theory and methodology. The theoretical courses provide an intensive examination of the various sociological and anthropological perspectives on human social behavior and on the social systems we create. They evaluate the different ways these perspectives gather and use evidence to make inference about the world in which we live. The department also offers extensive instruction and experience in research design and methodology including courses in quantitative research methods, qualitative and survey methodologies, social statistics, and computer approaches in social research.

The department offers many other opportunities for interested students to engage in research and practice outside of the classroom. The field study and internship programs provide opportunities for application of the theoretical and methodological principles learned in the classroom. These programs encourage students to explore careers that may interest them and gain valuable experience toward employment after college.

The grade point average for coursework comprising the major or minor, must be no less than 2.00 with no course grade below C-.

This program aims to merge a knowledge and appreciation of the visual and performing arts with a foundation in the operating methods and business practices of the organizations and institutions which support and administer the arts. Students electing the arts management major should select an emphasis from among art, theatre, or music.

A major in business offers students the opportunity to explore theories and concepts from accounting, business, and economics. Students study in an active learning environment and begin to understand and appreciate the complex nature of business organizations through applied economic theory. A major in business prepares students for a career in all business environments and provides an excellent foundation for graduate studies in such fields as business and law. The major in business requires a common core of courses plus one of three concentrations: Finance, Management, or Marketing. All courses in the core and in each concentration must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

Art history is the study of the expressions of social values and personal ideas through the arts. It spans the entirety of human experience, from the earliest traces of the arts in Paleolithic times, to the global variety of arts in contemporary times. Art history engages the student in the search for what unites peoples across time and space, and what makes each culture, each civilization, unique. By looking at the efforts of past artists, whether in architecture, painting, crafts, ceramics, photography, sculpture, calligraphy, or other forms, we see the ways in which our own desires to express social concerns, feelings, and beliefs share the shapes and purposes of the past.

Economics is the study of scarcity, choice, and tradeoffs. Scarcity exists because productive resources are limited but human wants are unlimited. As a result, all societies, households, and firms must make choices and these choices inevitably involve tradeoffs. The major in economics develops the essential skills for understanding economic problems in many contexts. It prepares students for careers in all business environments and provides an excellent foundation for graduate studies in economics, business, public policy, and law. All courses in the major and minor must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

Political science in the broadest sense is the study of the institutions of power in society. The political science department strives to impart to its students knowledge and understanding of these institutions of power, the habits and skills of lifelong learning in our discipline, the ability to develop tools to interpret political activity in later life, and an appreciation of the responsibilities of citizenship in our democracy. The knowledge, tools, and skills learned in the department's courses are also intended to give students a strong foundation for graduate study in political science, public administration, law, or other disciplines and to prepare them for professional careers in public service, politics, interest group representation, business, journalism, teaching, and other professions.

Liberally educated students should achieve an understanding of self and of others that enables them to function effectively in diverse intellectual, occupational, and interpersonal pursuits. Psychology, which focuses on the nature and causes of action, experience, and mental activity, can play a central role in achieving this educational aim. The psychology curriculum provides intensive instruction in psychological theory and methodology and exposes students to important applications of psychological knowledge. With its emphasis on critical reading and thinking, communication, and active learning, the required course work prepares students for graduate study in the social sciences, and is also well suited to students who plan to enter the world of work following graduation.

The content courses in the curriculum provide detailed coverage of fundamental processes in cognition, psychobiology, development, social interaction, and clinical applications. The courses in these areas share the same goal: they are designed to teach basic and advanced principles and methods and to promote analytical skills so that students may deal with complex phenomena, theoretical or applied, with an appropriate level of theoretical sophistication and critical evaluation.

The curriculum also includes extensive instruction and experience in research design and the scientific method; in addition to the required Research Methods course, all students are required to take one Advanced Research Projects course. This course will follow a specific prerequisite content course and give students an opportunity to evaluate the empirical and theoretical literature in an area and design and implement an original research project. Students considering graduate study in psychology are strongly encouraged to take an additional As course and do further collaborative or independent research under faculty supervision. To support the research activities of students, the psychology department has well-equipped, modern laboratories.

For students with an existing interest in a specific area of psychology, we offer the following emphases within the psychology major: Cognitive Science; Psychobiology; Developmental Psychology; Social Psychology; and Clinical Applications. To obtain such an emphasis, a student must take three courses from a certain category. For example, students interested in a Developmental emphasis could take PSYC 330, PSYC 339, and PSYC 332. Although the emphasis is not an official designation on the diploma, it is recognized within the department and can be mentioned in letters of application or recommendation for graduate education or employment opportunities following graduation.

The department offers many other opportunities for interested students to become involved in research and practice outside of the classroom. Each external site is chosen for its relevance to the student's interests, abilities, and goals. Sites often selected include hospitals, centers for emotionally disturbed children, businesses, schools, law-enforcement agencies, and community mental health centers. The field study and internship programs encourage students to relate theory to observation and provide experiences that help students to choose occupational and educational goals wisely. Both are highly recommended for students planning to do graduate work in applied areas such as clinical, counseling, or industrial/organizational psychology. Students may complete up to six hours in internships, field studies, or a combination of the two; however, only three hours will count toward the fulfillment of the major. In addition to internships and field studies, experiential opportunities are available in travel courses and various course and department-related service projects.

Any PSYC 100-level course partially fulfills the Area of Knowledge requirement in the Social Sciences, as does PSYC 200.

PSYC 200 is a prerequisite for all psychology courses above the 100 level. Students considering a major in psychology are encouraged to take this course as soon as possible. Students planning to major in psychology must obtain departmental approval and must earn a grade of C- or better in PSYC 200 before they can take the remaining PSYC courses. Successful completion of PSYC 201 with a C- or better is the prerequisite for 300-level courses in psychology. PSYC 433 is open to all seniors who have successfully completed PSYC 200, PSYC 201, and two 300-level courses.

Majors are encouraged to fulfill collegiate requirements in the natural sciences by taking at least one course in biology. Students with weaker preparation in mathematics are advised to take MATH 105 prior to taking PSYC 201. Students who are considering graduate school should enroll in MATH 113 (or MATH 111) and are encouraged to include among their electives an additional Advanced Research Projects course and a senior project in which students spend their senior year working on an original research project with a faculty member.

The computer science curriculum integrates theory and practice by including foundational topics that underpin the discipline and by emphasizing the value of abstraction and good engineering design in project development. Elective courses provide an opportunity for deeper study in areas of interest. An important part of the curriculum is the inclusion of professional practice activities such as research experience, teamwork, oral communication and technical writing, and project development. While being sensitive to changes in technology, the curriculum also seeks to prepare students for lifelong learning to enable them to meet future challenges.

A student expecting to major or minor in computer science should enroll in CSCI 111-CSCI 112 in the first year. If credit is given for one or both of these courses, then a student should enroll in CSCI 211 or CSCI 210. A student interested in future graduate studies should complete the two calculus sequences, MATH 131-MATH 132. A student interested in computer hardware is encouraged to select PHYS 210 to meet one of the collegiate science requirements.

Cybersecurity is a computing-based discipline that involves the creation, operation, analysis, and testing of secure systems, networks, and applications to protect against a variety of digital threats. The cybersecurity curriculum is based on national standards and builds on a computer science foundation. The curriculum emphasizes four main areas of cybersecurity: information security, software security, network security, and system security. Mindful of the rapid changes in technology, the curriculum seeks to prepare students for lifelong learning to enable them to meet future challenges. A student expecting to major in cybersecurity should complete CSCI 111 and CSCI 112 in the first year.

Capstone experiences offered by the Department of Computer Science include CSCI 401, CSCI 403, and CSCI 485, all of which are available to majors in cybersecurity.

Sociology and anthropology involve the systematic study of social life and culture in order to understand the causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists and anthropologists study the structure and processes of nonindustrialized and industrialized societies in the United States and around the world. They examine how culture, social structures (groups, organizations, and communities) and social institutions (family, education, religion, etc.) affect human attitudes, actions, and life-chances. Sociology and anthropology combine scientific and humanistic perspectives.

Drawing upon various theoretical perspectives, sociologists and anthropologists study such areas as culture, socialization, crime, deviance, inequality, health and illness, family patterns, law, social change and race, and ethnic relations. Combining theoretical perspectives with empirical research allows students an opportunity to develop new insights into their own lives as well as the forces that shape everyday life in society.

The sociology/anthropology curriculum prepares the student for both academic and applied research careers. It offers an essential liberal arts background for many careers and professions, including public service and administration, communications and public relations, law, business, medicine, journalism, arts management, environmental science, and other professions. The department offers both a major and minor in sociology and anthropology. Our faculty are also centrally involved in the Colleges programs in Black Studies, Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies, Environmental Studies, and International Studies. Most courses count for one or more of the C21 requirements.

The theoretical and methodological courses in the curriculum provide intensive instruction in the application of sociological and anthropological theory and methodology. The theoretical courses provide an intensive examination of the various sociological and anthropological perspectives on human social behavior and on the social systems we create. They evaluate the different ways these perspectives gather and use evidence to make inference about the world in which we live. The department also offers extensive instruction and experience in research design and methodology including courses in quantitative research methods, qualitative and survey methodologies, social statistics, and computer approaches in social research.

The department offers many other opportunities for interested students to engage in research and practice outside of the classroom. The field study and internship programs provide opportunities for application of the theoretical and methodological principles learned in the classroom. These programs encourage students to explore careers that may interest them and gain valuable experience toward employment after college.

The grade point average for coursework comprising the major or minor, must be no less than 2.00 with no course grade below C-.

The last four or five hundred years have marked the evolution of historical consciousness. In that time, history has not only become a form of thinking and knowing, it has become the essential condition of thought and knowledge. As the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga put it: "Historical thinking has entered our very blood." This means that today we describe and understand every human experience and endeavor not through their material, spiritual, or psychic characteristics but through their history.

In the midst of a society undergoing change, there is a need for responsible citizens to understand the process of change. In analyzing the transformations of societies of other times, history students acquire the analytical tools for better comprehending their own social environment. In addition, the study of history provides a vocabulary of examples of human activity, which brings greater awareness to the study of other intellectual disciplines. Shakespeare's plays, for example, take a deeper resonance when seen against a background of economic, political, and social change in the Tudor and Stuart dynasties.

The history major and minor aim at more than guiding students toward learning about the past. They also train students to think critically, research effectively, and write lucidly. Students learn, through classroom experience and examinations, as well as through individual research projects, how to analyze both the form and content of source material; how to discern historical trends and patterns; how to postulate theses and support them with evidence; and how to present conclusions in a compelling, well-organized fashion. Courses also train students to communicate effectively in a public setting. The history major can also include a study-abroad and/or an internship experience. The particular point of view of this department is that history can best be learned when there is close collaboration between teacher and student. To that end, classes are kept small, even at the introductory level, and thereby considerable personal attention can be given to a student's work by the professor.

HIST 300 Historical Methods; Historiography is a prerequisite for history internships and capstones and must be completed by majors prior to their senior year.

Liberally educated students should achieve an understanding of self and of others that enables them to function effectively in diverse intellectual, occupational, and interpersonal pursuits. Psychology, which focuses on the nature and causes of action, experience, and mental activity, can play a central role in achieving this educational aim. The psychology curriculum provides intensive instruction in psychological theory and methodology and exposes students to important applications of psychological knowledge. With its emphasis on critical reading and thinking, communication, and active learning, the required course work prepares students for graduate study in the social sciences, and is also well suited to students who plan to enter the world of work following graduation.

The content courses in the curriculum provide detailed coverage of fundamental processes in cognition, psychobiology, development, social interaction, and clinical applications. The courses in these areas share the same goal: they are designed to teach basic and advanced principles and methods and to promote analytical skills so that students may deal with complex phenomena, theoretical or applied, with an appropriate level of theoretical sophistication and critical evaluation.

The curriculum also includes extensive instruction and experience in research design and the scientific method; in addition to the required Research Methods course, all students are required to take one Advanced Research Projects course. This course will follow a specific prerequisite content course and give students an opportunity to evaluate the empirical and theoretical literature in an area and design and implement an original research project. Students considering graduate study in psychology are strongly encouraged to take an additional As course and do further collaborative or independent research under faculty supervision. To support the research activities of students, the psychology department has well-equipped, modern laboratories.

For students with an existing interest in a specific area of psychology, we offer the following emphases within the psychology major: Cognitive Science; Psychobiology; Developmental Psychology; Social Psychology; and Clinical Applications. To obtain such an emphasis, a student must take three courses from a certain category. For example, students interested in a Developmental emphasis could take PSYC 330, PSYC 339, and PSYC 332. Although the emphasis is not an official designation on the diploma, it is recognized within the department and can be mentioned in letters of application or recommendation for graduate education or employment opportunities following graduation.

The department offers many other opportunities for interested students to become involved in research and practice outside of the classroom. Each external site is chosen for its relevance to the student's interests, abilities, and goals. Sites often selected include hospitals, centers for emotionally disturbed children, businesses, schools, law-enforcement agencies, and community mental health centers. The field study and internship programs encourage students to relate theory to observation and provide experiences that help students to choose occupational and educational goals wisely. Both are highly recommended for students planning to do graduate work in applied areas such as clinical, counseling, or industrial/organizational psychology. Students may complete up to six hours in internships, field studies, or a combination of the two; however, only three hours will count toward the fulfillment of the major. In addition to internships and field studies, experiential opportunities are available in travel courses and various course and department-related service projects.

Any PSYC 100-level course partially fulfills the Area of Knowledge requirement in the Social Sciences, as does PSYC 200.

PSYC 200 is a prerequisite for all psychology courses above the 100 level. Students considering a major in psychology are encouraged to take this course as soon as possible. Students planning to major in psychology must obtain departmental approval and must earn a grade of C- or better in PSYC 200 before they can take the remaining PSYC courses. Successful completion of PSYC 201 with a C- or better is the prerequisite for 300-level courses in psychology. PSYC 433 is open to all seniors who have successfully completed PSYC 200, PSYC 201, and two 300-level courses.

Majors are encouraged to fulfill collegiate requirements in the natural sciences by taking at least one course in biology. Students with weaker preparation in mathematics are advised to take MATH 105 prior to taking PSYC 201. Students who are considering graduate school should enroll in MATH 113 (or MATH 111) and are encouraged to include among their electives an additional Advanced Research Projects course and a senior project in which students spend their senior year working on an original research project with a faculty member.

Archaeology is the study of the human past through material remains. In 21st century practice, archaeology is truly multidisciplinary, with contributions from history, art history, biology, chemistry, geology, anthropology, religious studies, epigraphy, and many other fields. The scope of the human past studied by the archaeologist ranges from the earliest development of humans to very recent times. Modern archaeological research is directed toward understanding how the past occurred, why things changed in the past, and how the past relates to our times.

With a broad range of disciplines involved, the study of archaeology also prepares students for a variety of jobs: field archaeology, museum studies, archaeological law, teaching and research, development of historical tourism, non-profit or other work safeguarding Indian rights and the rights of other indigenous populations. The archaeology major provides students with a coherent, interdisciplinary introduction to the practice, theory, methods, regulations, and ethics of archaeology.

Criminology explores social structure and social processes in relation to crime, criminality, and punishment. The Criminology major provides students with an understanding of crime from both a structural and individual perspective. Students will develop skills to critically analyze both lived experiences and social factors associated with crime. Students will deconstruct their knowledge of crime from how we define crime to understanding the experiences of various groups within the criminal justice system. Students will study how human behavior is regulated and the societal responses to law violations with a particular eye to power relations. They will study criminological theories and the empirical evidence used to support and critique them.

Students will gain conceptual and research skills and be able to apply them to specific social institutions such as policing, courts, and corrections. The criminology curriculum prepares the student for both academic and applied fields. The major provides a liberal arts background for careers in law enforcement (local and federal), courts, corrections, victim advocacy, case management, juvenile correctional and diversion programs, data analysis, and graduate school.

Economics is the study of scarcity, choice, and tradeoffs. Scarcity exists because productive resources are limited but human wants are unlimited. As a result, all societies, households, and firms must make choices and these choices inevitably involve tradeoffs. The major in economics develops the essential skills for understanding economic problems in many contexts. It prepares students for careers in all business environments and provides an excellent foundation for graduate studies in economics, business, public policy, and law. All courses in the major and minor must be completed with a grade of C- or better.

Political science in the broadest sense is the study of the institutions of power in society. The political science department strives to impart to its students knowledge and understanding of these institutions of power, the habits and skills of lifelong learning in our discipline, the ability to develop tools to interpret political activity in later life, and an appreciation of the responsibilities of citizenship in our democracy. The knowledge, tools, and skills learned in the department's courses are also intended to give students a strong foundation for graduate study in political science, public administration, law, or other disciplines and to prepare them for professional careers in public service, politics, interest group representation, business, journalism, teaching, and other professions.